#1RCP RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION PROJECT A Basin-Centered Gas Accumulation (BCGA) in Neuquen Basin, Argentina BR Atilas Silva RCP O PETROBRAS RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION PROJECT COLORADOSCHOOLOFMINES.#2ARGENTINA EIA/ARI SHALE GAS/OIL ASSESSMENT PERU La Paz BOLIVIA BRAZIL Brasilia Sources: Legarreta & Villar, 2011 USGS, 2000 CHILE PARAGUAY Sao Paulo Rio de Janeiro Asuncion Curitiba Santiago Cordoba Parana Porto Alegre Rosario URUGUA Buenos Aires Montevideo ARGENTINA Neuquen San Jorge Austral- Magallanes 250 500 Stanley 250 500 1.000 1,500 2,000 Kilometers 1,000 1.500 2.000 Miles Location NEUQUEN BASIN, ARGENTINA EIA/ARI SHALE GAS/OIL ASSESSMENT San Fernando CHILE FOLD BELT Neuquen Basin COS HIGH ARGENTINA Neuquen Basin Cross Section City Vaca Muerta Project EXTERNAL PLAT ORM HUINCUL ARCH EXTERNAL PLATFORM Neuen 100 Sources Legameta & Var, 2011 Moaquers et al, 2009 USGS 2000 Study Area RCP In pursuit of new ideas 100 240 320 240 320 Miles 2 Modified from Convers, 2017#3History of the block 1971 2011 First conventional accumulation. Quintuco Fm. (YPF as operator) A successful tight gas exploration was started in the Punta Rosada Fm. (Petrobras as operator) Today YPF (Current Operator) Petrobras ● ● Pampa RCP In pursuit of new ideas 3#4Data available • RCP In pursuit of new ideas Seismic PSDM (full stack) Velocity model Migrated gathers • CRP - Common Reflection Point • CIP - Common Image Point Wells 34 selected wells . Sonic P-S . . • • . Density Neutron Porosity Resistivity Gamma-Ray Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Images Gas Chromatography (mud logging) 4#5Pm-Trias. Jurásico Cretácico Gr CUYO Gr. Mendoza Gr NEUQUÉN MAYOSO CENTENARIO Quintuco Vaca Muerta TORDILLO LOTENA PUNTA ROSADA LAJAS Petroleum Systems in the area n Conventional Carbonates from the Quintuco Formation Vaca Muerta Source Rock LOS MOLLES PRECUYANO BASAMENTO Unconventional Tight Sands Lajas e Punta Rosada 900 to 1500 m of Stacked Sandstones Porosity: 4 to 10% Permeability: <0.1 mD Los Molles Source Rock Modified from Lucia Lamberghini et al. 2017. RCP In pursuit of new ideas LO#6BCGA - Characteristics WATER Conventional structural gas accumulation Shale Oil Tight Oil Tight Gas Shale Gas Oil Shale Bituminous Sand/Heavy Oil Conventional structural oil accumulation Coalbed gas or Conventional stratigraphic oil accumulation Shallow Biogenic Methane Conventional stratigraphic gas accumulation WATER Tight Oil Shale Gas -0.6% Ro Tight Oil Oil Generation Window 1.3% Ro Tight Gas Gas Generation Window Tight Gas Overpressured Cell (Modified from Sonnenberg, 2017) Tens of miles RCP In pursuit of new ideas Low-permo-porosity Permo-porosity enhanced by natural fractures High pressure The top seal crosses the stratigraphic layers Lack of down-dip water contact High gas saturation (Sonnenberg 2017 and Camp 6 2008)#7BCGA - Characteristics WATER Conventional structural gas accumulation Shale Oil Tight Oil Tight Gas Shale Gas Oil Shale Bituminous Sand/Heavy Oil Conventional structural oil accumulation Coalbed gas or Conventional stratigraphic oil accumulation Conventional stratigraphic gas Shallow Biogenic Methane accumulation WATER Shale Gas Tight Gas Overpressured Cell (Modified from Sonnenberg, 2017) Tens of miles - RCP In pursuit of new ideas High Pressure - - Migration - - Seal - - Gas generation rate exceeds dissipation rate into tight sands Migration is driven by the High pressure instead of buoyancy Source rock either active or has recently stopped (Sonnenberg 2017 and Camp 7 -0.6% Ro Oil Generation Window 1.3% Ro Gas Generation Window 2008)#8Buoyance x High pressure forces Porosity, % 20 40 RCP In pursuit of new ideas Depth Conventional gas reservoir Buoyancy reservoir lower limit (10%) Deep-basin tight gas reservoir Free water Bound water Hydrocarbon Conventional tight gas reservoir Jiang et al. 2015 Deep-basin tight. gas reservoir 8#9BCGA - Characteristics WATER Conventional structural gas accumulation Shale Oil Tight Oil Tight Gas Shale Gas Oil Shale Bituminous Sand/Heavy Oil Conventional structural oil accumulation Coalbed gas or Conventional stratigraphic oil accumulation Conventional stratigraphic gas Shallow Biogenic Methane accumulation WATER Shale Gas Tight Gas Overpressured Cell (Modified from Sonnenberg, 2017) Tens of miles RCP In pursuit of new ideas Inverted System: Water over gas The gas pushes free water above high pressure zone Low SW. Just irreducible water remains High Pressure (Sonnenberg 2017 and Camp 2008) -0.6% Ro Oil Generation Window 1.3% Ro Gas Generation Window#10Rio Neuquen - Lajas / Punta Rosada Accumulation • Overpressured • Continuous gas saturation zone. • Total thickness: 900 to 1500m • Lack of down-dip water contact NW Pore pressure gradient as mud desity migs] 14.00 1380 Lajas-Punta Rosada 13.20 1280 Pore pressure gradient as 12.40 mud density (Ibm/gal) 12.00 11.60 11.20 1000 10.40 10.00 Top Pta. Rosada RCP In pursuit of new ideas SE Overpressure and continuous gas saturation zone, reachs Top. of Punta Rosada Formation Top Overpressure zone Penetrating fissures migration Overpressure "Pockets" Faults migration Punta Rosada_intra Unconformities Zona de produção de Gás Alta pressão Transgressive Surfaces Top Los Molles Top Precuyo Los Molles Generation Cracking Calculated pore pressure gradient. Modified from Julian Guerra et al. 2018. 10 Lajas/Pta. Rosada#11Analogues Thrace basin, Turkey THRACE BASIN CROSS SECTION Tekirdag fields S RCP In pursuit of new ideas Southern Piceance Basin, Colorado FIG. 2 Guney Osmanli-1 Yayli-1 Yamalik-1 Ergene-1 Misinili-1 N Land Surface N Gas Normal pressure Hydrostatic gas fields 1000 1300 2,500 1,000 4,000 0.433 poft TTY Transition pressure Osmancik 0.8 psi Over pressure Mezarders Overpressured 2.500m zone of Interest 3000 Yeslinkay Yamalik-D Miles K https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-116/issue-4/exploration- development/basin-centered-gas-accumulation-play-developed-for-western- turkey.html 4000m 5000m Transition Gas Saturation Zone Continuous Wasatch G Sand Gas Migration' Up Pervasive Fractures Caused by Overpressuring Rollins 1Gas Migration Up Fault-Fracture Zones Water Top Mesaverde Price Coal Top Continuous Gas Williams Fork Marine Sandstone Tongues Cameo Coals Andras Fall et al. 2012 11#12Tectonic Inversion Gas Sat. ■1.0 0.6 0.0 Inverted Fault Punta Rosada Medio Los Mollest Pre Cuyo t Lajas_t RCP In pursuit of new ideas Base Vaca Muerta#13Punta Rosada_intra Natural Fracture Network B A Punta Rosada Los Molles A Fractures and faults in the Los Molles Source rock RCP In pursuit of new ideas B Colapse graben with high natural fractures concentration 13#14Natural Fracture Network RCP In pursuit of new ideas 0.9 SH 0.81 0.71 0.6 0.5 0.4- 0.31 0.21 0.1 Color Onacity Region without fractures Depth slice 1#15Natural Fracture Network HD 0.9 0.81 0.71> 0.6 SH 05 0.4 Fractured region Depth slice 2 0.3 0.21 0.1 eD Color Opacity 참고 RCP In pursuit of new ideas 15#16Amplitude anomalies enclosed by fractures RCP In pursuit of new ideas N 5000m 1:73290 Lajas_top 16#17Prospective Works and Questions • Fracture characterization and quantification ◆ Identification of main migration paths • Sweet spot • Are the fractures laterally sealing the gas accumulations? • Is it possible to identify high-pressure zones in seismic data? . • Velocity model ● Pre-stack inversion RCP In pursuit of new ideas 17#18Thank you RCP In pursuit of new ideas 18