#1COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS OF FRESH AND SMOKED FISH MARKETING IN SOME LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS IN ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA. ONYIA, L.U., ADEBAYO, E.F., ADEWUYI, K.O., EKWUNIFE, E.G., OCHOKWU,I.J,#2OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS CONCLUSIONS • RECOMMENDATIONS#3INTRODUCTION FISH IS A MAJOR SOURCE OF ANIMAL PROTEIN, ✓ESSENTIAL FOOD ITEM IN THE DIET OF NIGERIANS (JIM-SAIKI AND OGUNBADEJO, 2003), ✔AN IMPORTANT SOURCE OF LIFE AND LIVELIHOODS FOR MILLIONS OF PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD AND FOR THAT MATTER THE SELECTED COMMUNITIES, ✓ PROVIDES A SPENDABLE INCOME FOR MANY FAMILIES IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD (JERE AND MWENDO-PEHIRI, 2004).#4INTRODUCTION CONTINUED ❖IN NIGERIA, FISH IS SOLD TO CONSUMERS AS: ✓ FROZEN OR ICED, ✓CURED (SMOKED), ✔SUN DRIED, ✔FRESH EITHER FROM A CULTURED POND OR FROM THE WILD.#5OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY • TO IDENTIFY SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FISH MARKETERS TO COMPARE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF FRESH AND SMOKED FISH ENTERPRISES IN THE STUDY AREAS.#6MATERIALS AND METHODS THE STUDY AREA ✓ SEVEN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF ADAMAWA STATE (NGURORE, YOLA SOUTH, YOLA NORTH, GIREI, DEMSA, FUFORE AND NUMAN) WERE RANDOMLY SELECTED BASED ON THEIR PROXIMITY TO THE FISH LANDING SITES, ✓ DATA COLLECTED THROUGH WELL-STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRE OF FRESH AND SMOKED FISH MARKETERS FROM 7 MARKETS, ✓ 286 QUESTIONNAIRES WERE RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED AMONG THE FISH MARKETERS.#7METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS IN TERMS OF FREQUENCIES AND PERCENTAGES GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS WAS USED TO DETERMINE THE COST AND RETURNS TO FISH MARKETING.#8C RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS#9SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS Fresh Fish Marketers Smoked Fish Marketers Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage Gender Male 53 36.4 43 30.07 Female 90 63.6 100 69.93 Total 143 100 143 100 Age groups 20-30 36 25.7 18 12.59 31-40 54 37.76 59 41.26 41-50 35 24.48 46 32.17 51-60 16 11.19 16 11.9 >60 2 1.40 4 2.80 Total 143 100 143 100 Marital status Single 29 20.28 24 16.78 Married 100 69.93 108 75.52 Seperated 3 2.10 Divorced 5 3.50 Widowed 6 4.20 542 3.50 2.80 1.40 Total 143 100 143 100#10SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS CONT'D SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS Fresh Fish Marketers Smoked Fish Marketers Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage Level of education Non formal 52 36.36 41 28.67 Primary 53 47.09 62 48.35 Secondary 34 23.78 36 25.16 Post secondary 4 2.80 4 2.80 Total 143 100 143 100 Nature of business Full time 113 79.02 138 96.50 Part time 30 20.98 5 3.50 Total 143 100 143 100#1130.0 25.3 25.0 23.7 23.5 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 27.7 21.5 15.9 1.9 6.0 20.5 19.9 3.9 1.9 7.1 1.2 0.0 TILAPIA CLARIAS SNAKE HEAD MACKEREL Types of fish HETEROTIS SARDINES OTHERS Fresh fish Smoked fish TYPES OF FRESH AND SMOKED FISH#1260.0 54.5 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 46.9 45.5 34.3 2.1 0.7 7.7 5.6 1.4 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Personal savings Friends/relatves Banks Daily contribution Sources of capital Coorperatives Fresh Fish ■Smoked Fish Money lenders others SOURCES OF CAPITAL IN FRESH AND SMOKED FISH MARKETING#13Demand 4.9 Low 5.3 Moderate High Very high 15.0 17.5 17.3 30.1 47.6 162.4 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 % Smoked Fish Fresh Fish LEVEL OF DEMAND FOR FISH#14TABLE 5: FACTORS LIMITING BUSINESS OPERATION OF RESPONDENTS Fresh Fish Smoked Fish Variables frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage Inadequate fish supply 24 16.78 26 18.18 Finance 78 54.55 81 56.64 Inadequate demand 20 13.99 32 22.38 Lack of comfortable space to sale 13 9.09 0 0 Others 8 5.59 4 2.80 Total 143 100 143 100#15THE GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TOTAL VALUES OF PRODUCTION (GROSS INCOME) AND THE TOTAL VALUABLE COSTS (ADEGEYE AND DITTOH, 1985). ☐ USEFUL AS PLANNING TOOL IN SITUATIONS WHERE FIXED CAPITAL IS A NEGLIGIBLE PORTION OF AN ENTERPRISE (OLUKOSI AND ERHABOR, 1988). ☐ HELPS THE MANAGER TO CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE VARIABLE COST COMPONENTS AND ☐ USED TO STUDY THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ENTERPRISE, THAT IS, THE POSITIVE COMPONENTS OF A FIRM TO OBTAIN INFORMATION ABOUT THE BUSINESS STRENGTH OR WEAKNESS (BUCKET, 1988).#16Total Gross Income FACTORS ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF THE BUSINESS Fresh Fish Marketing N26,181,000 Smoked Fish Marketing #54,705, 050 Total Variable Cost (TVC) #22,203, 450 N50, 004, 855 Gross Margin Return to variable cost Total number of respondents 143 N3, 977, 550 N4, 700, 194 N1.18 N1.09 142#17CONCLUSION ☐ FRESH AND SMOKED FISH MARKETING WERE PROFITABLE, THOUGH FRESH FISH MARKETING HAD BETTER PROFIT MARGIN. ☐ PROCESSING OF FISH HAD ADDED COST ☐ MAJORITY WERE WOMEN WITH LITTLE OR NO EDUCATION. ☐ FISH MARKETING IS A USEFUL MEANS OF LIVELIHOOD FOR THE UNEMPLOYED#18POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS • THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD ASSIST THE PROCESSORS WITH IMPROVED SMOKING KILNS TO ENHANCED THEIR PRODUCTIVITY LEADING REDUCTION IN PROCESSING COST, ● CAPACITY OF THE WOMEN SHOULD BE DEVELOPED THROUGH TRAINING, WORKSHOP ETC. • THEY SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED TO FORM COOPERATIVE SOCIETY TO ACCESS SOFT LOANS FROM THE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS • THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD PROVIDE COMFORTABLE SPACE WHERE THEY WILL MARKET THEIR PRODUCTS#19THANKS FOR LISTENING